Decision Making And Conflict Resolution - 1416 Words

There is no more challenging, nor rewarding job, than being a Catholic school principal. It can also be difficult at times, especially when students cross the line of good behavior, or even worse, when a parent crosses that line. During these first several years as principal, I have had the privilege of overseeing the faith formation and academic development of a wonderful group of young men and women. I have learned as much from them as I hope they have learned from me, and I am honored that God has called me to serve Him in this way. During the course of this paper, I will share with you my vision of the role of principal. To do this, we will examine theories on leadership, organization and motivation. We will discuss instituting change,†¦show more content†¦(Earl, 2015, [powerpoint]) In her week two lecture notes, Sister Patricia made a connection between these five practices and Sergiovanni’s â€Å"dimensions of principal leadership, which he titles â€Å"A New Theory of Principal Leadership† (p. 33): understanding self and others, understanding the complexity of organizational life, building bridges through relationships, and engaging in leadership best practices† (p. 33). (Sergiovanni, 2015, as cited in Earl, 2015 [document]) In addition to the secular theories of leadership, Catholic school principals must consider our commitment to our faith. Sister Patricia challenged us to reflect on our faith and how it fits into these dimensions of leadership. We not only lead our schools as instructional leaders, but more importantly, as spiritual leaders. To lead our schools, we must have a vision of leadership that reflects the purpose of Catholic education, that being the teaching of doctrine, living in community, and understanding the obligation to serve. (To Teach as Jesus Did) Owens and Valesky (2015) encourage an effective leader to clearly state â€Å"a vision of things to come†¦a vision of where we are and where we are going,† (p.14) that binds the school community in a common purpose. Furthermore, â€Å"the vision of a leader is always uplifting, pointing to new directions calling for progress.† (Owens, 2015, p. 14) The principal,

Study Guide Ap Bio Ch 16-18 Free Essays

Study guide for Ch 16-18 Chapter 16 †¢ Alfred Hershey and Martha chase answered the question whether protein or DNA was the genetic material by using Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria). o Bacteriaphages were good for the experiment because they only contain 2 organic compounds, DNA and protein. †¢ James Watson and Francis Crick were the first to solve the structure (structure=function) of DNA. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Guide Ap Bio Ch 16-18 or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¢ X-ray crystallography( process used to visualize molecules in 3-D. †¢ DNA is a double helix- structure †¢ The nitrogenous bases of DNA are( adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). The 2 strands (the leading and the lagging strand) are antiparallel. o The leading strand goes in direction 5’ to 3’. o Lagging strand goes 3’ to 5’. Takes longer to replicate cause it’s built in fragments. †¢ Tip from the book(know these enzymes for replication: DNA polymerase, ligase, helicase, and topoisomerase. Know this enzyme for transcription(the role of RNA polymerase. †¢ Replication(making DNA from already existing DNA strand. DNA replication is semiconservative (1/2 of original DNA and the other ? is from new DNA strand). This is used by humans! A group of enzymes called DNA polymerases catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at replication fork. The overall direction of DNA replication goes from the origin to the fork. o DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing chain one by one; working in a 5’ to 3’ (DNA build strand (â€Å"new†) or RNA polymerase go 5’(3’ in the build strand). Parent strand DNA and RNA polymerase is 3’ to 5’. o DNA polymerase matches adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine o The lagging strand is synthesized in separate pieces called Okazaki fragments (which segments in 3’(5’), which are then sealed together by DNA Ligase. Forming a continuous DNA strand. †¢ Many factors in replication: o Base pairing in DNA replication( A=T/ G=C. o Mismatch repair(special repair enzymes fix incorrectly paired nucleotides o Nucleotide excision repair. †¢ Tip****(know the difference between replication (DNA to DNA), transcription (DNA to RNA), and translation (RNA to protein). †¢ In Eukaryotic cells, DNA and protein are packed together as chromatin. o Heterochromatin(very condensed chromatin. o Euchromatin(loosely condensed chromatin. Telemer region(small fragment of DNA that is lost during replication due to enzyme’s inability to attach the fragment on to the end of the DNA helix. (This is our biological clock). Chapter 17 †¢ Gene expression(the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins (or sometimes RNA). †¢ Transcription= DNA(RNA o Takes place in the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. †¢ Messenger RNA (mRNA) produced during transcription. It carries the genetic message of D NA to the protein making machinery of the cell in the cytoplasm, ie the ribosome. The mRNA triplets are called codons (a codon is a mRNA triplet). o mRNA is read codon by codon. ? Start codons and stop codons are used in the build strand the protein coding segment is between the start codon and stop codon in the build strand. †¢ They are written in the 5’ to 3’ direction. †¢ More than one codon codes for each of the 20 amino acids. Genetic code includes 64 codons (4 x 4 x 4). o The group must be read in the correct groupings in order for translation to be successful o 3 codons act as signal terminators (UAA, UAG, UGA) o AUG always has to be start codon. RNA polymerase(enzyme that separates the 2 DNA strands and connects the RNA nucleotides as they base-pair along the DNA template strand. o RNA pol. Can add RNA nucleotides only to the 3’ end of the strand. REMEMBER†¦ uracil replaces thymine when base pairing to adenine. ==difference betw DNA and RN A. o The DNA sequence at which RNA pol. Attaches is called the Promoter. o The DNA sequence that signals the end of transcription= Terminator. †¢ Transcription unit(the entire stretch of DNA that is transcribed into an RNA molecule. †¢ 3 main stages of transcription: from the book. Initiation (RNA polymerase that transcribes mRNA cannot bind to the promoter region without supporting help from proteins known as transcription factors. transcription factors assist the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter, thus the initiation of transcription) Notes: o Elongation (RNA polymerase moves along the DNA, continuing to untwist the double helix. RNA nucleotides are continually added to the 3’ end. As this happens, the double helix re-forms. Notes: †¢ Termination (RNA polymerase transcribes a terminator sequence in the DNA, the RNA transcript is released, and the polymerase detaches. There a couple of key post-transcriptional modifications to RNA( the addition of a 5à ¢â‚¬â„¢ cap and the addition of a poly A Tail (3’). †¢ RNA splicing also takes place in eukaryotic cells. Large portions of the newly synthesized RNA strand are removed. This is the parent strand. o The sections of the mRNA that are spliced out are called introns. o Sections that are spliced together by a spliceosome(exons. ? The new strand containing the exons is called the build strand, which runs in a direction of 5’ to 3’. Remember parent strand runs in 3’ to 5’. †¢ Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)( plays a major role in catalyzing the excision of the introns and joining of exons. o Ribozyme is when RNA serves a catalytic role. †¢ Translation: o 2 additional types of RNA play important roles in translation besides mRNA: ? Transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). †¢ tRNA functions in transferring amino acids from a pool of amino acids located in cytoplasm to a ribosome. These amino acids are incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain. At one end of a tRNA it loosely binds the amino acid, and at the other end it has a nucleotide triplet called an anticodon (allows it to pair specifically with a complementary codon on the mRNA). †¢ rRNA complexes with proteins to form the 2 sub units that form ribosomes. o Translation can be divided into 3 steps ? Initiation, Elongation, and Termination (descriptions of these steps can be found on pg 129-130 I got lazy so fuck off) †¢ The review guide goes into mutations on pg 130 but I think that you’re better off reading the guide than reading my description. Chapter 18 In bacteria, genes are often clustered into units called operons. †¢ Operon consists of 3 parts: o Operator: controls the access of RNA polymerase to the genes, it’s found within the promoter region. ? Normally in on position. In a repressible operon. o Promoter: where RNA polymerase attaches. o Genes of the operon: the entire stretch of DNA required for all the enzymes produced by the operon. †¢ Regulatory Genes(produce repressor proteins that may bind to the operator site. When a regulatory protein occupies the operator site, RNA pol. Is blocked from the genes of the operon. Repressible operon( normally on. It can be inhibited. This type of operon is normally anabolic. o The repressor protein produced by the regulatory gene is inactive. o If the organic molecule being produced by the operon is provided to the cell, t he molecule can act as a corepressor, and bind to the repressor protein(this activates it. ? The activated repressor protein binds to the operator site, shutting down the operon. †¢ The lac operon is inducible o Controls the production of B- galactosidase an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis (break down) of lactose into glucose and galactose ? Inducible operon(gene expression B-galactosidase is stimulated by the presence of a co inducer, lactose. †¢ Turns the repressor gene switch off. o This is notes on gene expression on tryptophan. Next stuff is from book. ? Inducible operon( normally off but can be activated. This type of operon is catabolic, breaking down food molecules for energy. The repressor protein produced by the regulatory gene is active. †¢ To turn the inducible operon on, a specific small molecule, called an inducer, binds to an inactivates the repressor protein. With the repressor out of the operator site, RNA polymerase can access the genes of the operon. o 2 regulatory mechanisms used to turn on lac operon ? Presence of lactose as co inducer ? Low amounts of glucose. †¢ These 2 are the only way for this shit to work yo! †¢ Differential gene expression in eukaryotic cell gene expression o The expression of different genes by cells with the same genome. †¢ Histone acetylation( acetyl groups are added to amino acids of histone proteins, thus making the chromatin less tightly packed and encouraging transcription. DNA methylation( the addition of methyl groups to DNA it causes chromatin to condense, thus reducing gene expression. o With the help of phosphorylation next to a methylated amino acid, chromatin becomes loosened and thus encouraging transcription. †¢ Epigenic inheritance( the inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence. †¢ Transcription initiation is where DN A control elements that bind transcription factors are involved in regulation. Control elements( multiple control elements(segments of non coding DNA that serve as binding sites for transcription factors that help regulate transcription. o This is necessary for the precise regulation of gene expression in diff cell types. o Proximal and Distal control elements. ? Proximal control element has to be right next to promoter anything else is distal. †¢ Transcription factors( o Enhancer regions are bound to the promoter region by proteins called activators. o Some transcription factors function as repressors, others function as activators. Extra stuff †¢ TATA box is at the beginning of promoter region. How to cite Study Guide Ap Bio Ch 16-18, Essay examples

Brand Management Multinational Technology Company

Question: Discuss about theBrand Management for Multinational Technology Company. Answer: Introduction In this study, we will learn about brand management and its importance to the organization like apple Inc. it is initiated with a deep knowledge of the word brand. It is started with the development of the promise, making that promise and also to maintain that promise. It also defines the position, delivery, quality, quantity, and image of the company. It is not much only the companies have to learn an art to create and sustain the brand. It helps to make the customers committed to the business. A strong brand image also helps to differentiate the product form all the products in the market. It can be possible when the companies are able to manage their tangible an intangible assets and use them properly. If we talk about products then the tangible assets includes price, packaging, products, etc. but services are termed a intangible assets that comprises of the quality of services, connections, trust, emotions, etc. About the Company Apple inc. is an American company that is multinational technology company and headquartered in Cupertino, California. It is specialized in designing, developing and selling customer products like electric machines, soft wares, and many other online services. This company was founded by the Steve Jobs, Steve wozniak and one more Ronald Wayne the year of 1976 s that they can sell and develop personal computers (MacInnis, Park and Priester, 2009). The company was incorporated as apple computer, Inc. in the year of 1977. The products that is hardware in nature are iPhone, iPad tablets, smart phones, personal computer Mac, iPod portable media player, the Apple smart watch, the Apple TV media digital player, etc. there are many software of apple that helps customers in easy handling of apple products like Mac sound iOS operating systems of apple, iTunes media player. The web browser of safari, the apple iLife, iWork, etc are the creativity apps. Brand Awareness Brand awareness is termed as likelihood by the customers so that they can recognize the presence and existence of the products and services of the company. Brand awareness is very relevant as it is one of the key successes in the promotion of the product. It becomes more relevant when there is any new product launches into the market. It is also very important when a company wants to create a differentiation in their products from the existing products. It can be created by business effective social media services like TV, twitter, Facebook, instragram, magazines, radio, etc. it is also created through the awareness by using traditional advertising. Sometimes it is also used through sponsorship (Helm and Jones, 2010). Points of Parity It refers to the point of difference that is related to the factors of the services and goods that help an organization to establish the differentiation. The apple Inc has very unique products and the designs of this brand is also different form the other brands (Paul and He, 2012). The company is using proper business and marketing strategy to establish the b rand differentiation. They have recently launched an iPhone 7 which is of black and gold color that is one type of point for parity for apple Inc (Lashinsky, 2012). Brand Elements for Apple Brand elements of any products refers to its brand identity, name of the brand, the logos of the brand and its symbols, celebrity, athlete and characters endorsed in the brand, the slogans used by the band, jingles, packaging of the products, etc. (Grady, 2009). In this way apple is using an effective use of elements of the brand. The logo of the apple inc. is an apple which is half bite. There is a unique ringtone which is only found in apple phones. The tagline of apple is "think different which depicts the special features of apple. They have launched many colors that make the iPhone very unique (Heracleous, 2013). 4 Ps of Apple Product- Many portable computers like Mac computers Mac book, iMac, pro, Mac air, mini, Xserve, Macbook They have many servers like- Xserve, Macos, Xsa, Xser, and Mobleme. Accessories- Keyboard, Magicmouse, led cinema display Wi-Fi based stationsinclusing airport express, airport extreme, time capsule Developer- developer connections, iPhone program and airport extreme IPods iPhones iTunes Peripheral products and services like- storage devices, printers, cameras, digital cameras, etc. Price- It is one brand in which there is no competition for the price. It does not compromise with the price of the products. After some starting launches, the company reduces the price of their products. The apple Inc generally uses premium pricing and skimming techniques of pricing (Haig, 2004). Place- The headquarters of apple Inc is located in Cupertino, California. The consultants of apple is comprising of a networks that includes service from professionals, personal service providers, technology consultants who are specialize in apple, third party solutions, etc. they are the technicians who are certified who have competed their training under apple and they also give services related to repair, etc. (Lloyd and Cheah, 2015). Promotion- They provide free shipping for the orders of more than $ 50 and also offer iTunes to its customers. It gives a rebate price of $ 100 when a customers purchases a Mac or any printer form apple store. They give some school offers to its school going customers. The consultant websites of apple help in searching of any tool (Burmann and Zeplin, 2005). Brand Extension and Brand Leveraging Brand extension and brand leveraging are the process through which a brand that already exists can extend their brand to the new markets by using new techniques or by launching of new products services either relate to the existing products or fresh products. Brand leverage is one of the cheapest way by which a new brand can be created by using ne raw material and techniques (Woodside, Megehee and Ogle, 2009). If we talk about brand extension that it means to use the current brand image of the sale of new products and services (Banerjee, 2007). Conclusion At last we can conclude that brand image and management of the same plays a vital role in the marketing of the products and services. It is very relevant for the companies not only for small but also for the big companies to properly management of the brand promotional techniques and approaches in their orgnaistaion as it helps to differentiate the products from the other products of the market. Once a brand is famous then it does not remain the part of the company but it becomes the brand of the customers. They become habitual and familiar of that particular brand. In this way, we can understand the importance of brand management for the apple Inc and its products. References Banerjee, S. (2007). Strategic Brand-Culture Fit: A conceptual framework for brand management. J Brand Manag, 15(5), pp.312-321. Burmann, C. and Zeplin, S. (2005). Building brand commitment: A behavioural approach to internal brand management. J Brand Manag, 12(4), pp.279-300. Helm, C. and Jones, R. (2010). Brand governance: The New Agenda in brand management. J Brand Manag, 17(8), pp.545-547. Heracleous, L. (2013). Quantum Strategy at Apple Inc. Organizational Dynamics, 42(2), pp.92-99. Lloyd, J. and Cheah, I. (2015). Consumer's Need for Subtle Branding. GFMC, 1(2), pp.52-56. MacInnis, D., Park, C. and Priester, J. (2009). Handbook of brand relationships. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. In-text: Your Bibliography: Paul, C. and He, L. (2012). Store brand image design =. Shenyan Shi: Liaoning Science Technology Press. In-text: Your Bibliography: Woodside, A., Megehee, C. and Ogle, A. (2009). Perspectives on cross-cultural, ethnographic, brand image, storytelling, unconscious needs, and hospitality guest research. Bingley: Emerald.